Ernest
Rutherfordproposed a model of the atom in
which a very small, dense and positively charged nucleus of
protons (the neutron had not yet been discovered) was surrounded
by orbiting, negatively charged electrons (the Rutherford model).
3rd October - In
Portugal a group of republicans led byMachado
Santosbegan arevoltthat
was be supported by several army units of the Lisbon garrison. The
rebellion was be joined by a large segment of the population and
by the sailors of the cruisers Sao Raphael and Adamastor.
30th May - The
Treaty
of London was signed by the Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire
and the victorious Balkan League (Serbia, Greece, Kingdom of
Bulgaria, and Montenegro) bringing an end to the First Balkan War.
18th February - Germany
began a blockade of Britain.
19th February -TheGallipoli
Campaignbegan, also known as the Battle
of Gallipoli or the Dardanelles Campaign was an unsuccessful
attempt by the Allied Powers to control the sea route from Europe
to Russia.
3rd July - After
exploding a bomb in US Senate reception room the previous day,Erich
Muenter, a German instructor at Cornell University, shotJ.P.
Morganfor representing the British
government in war contract negotiations
11th October - Despite
international protest,Edith
Cavell, an English nurse in Belgium, was executed by the
Germans on charges of aiding the escape of Allied prisoners
7th December - The
British government authorized the
evacuation fromGallipoli; the last troops
left Helles on 9th January, 1916. In all, some 480,000 Allied
forces took part in the Gallipoli Campaign, at a cost of more than
250,000 casualties, including some 46,000 dead. On the Turkish
side, the campaign also cost an estimated 250,000 casualties, with
65,000 killed.
28th December - The
British Cabinet recognised the true nature of the war by
introducing militaryconscription,
with single men to be called up before married ones
21st
February - TheBattle
of Verdunbegan with a German offensive,
leading to an estimated 1 million casualties and became the
longest battle of the entire war (9 months).
6th December - David
Lloyd George (Liberal) became British Prime Minister.
1917
16th January - The"Zimmermann
Telegram"was sent from Germany to Mexico,
stating that in the event of the US entering World War I on the
allied side, Mexico would be given Texas, Arizona and New Mexico.
Intercepted by British intelligence and partially deciphered by
the next day. It's release in March shifted US public opinion in
favor of war against Germany.
3rd March - Germany and
Austria forced Soviet Russia to sign thePeace
of Brest, which called for the establishment of five
independent countries - Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland
and Ukraine. TheTreaty
of Brest-Litovsk, which ended Russian participation in World
War I, was annulled by the November 1918 armistice. The treaty
deprived the Soviets of White Russia.
18th October -
Czechs seized Prague, renounced Hapsburg's rule and declared
independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire.T.G.
Masarykproclaimed the foundation of
Czechoslovakia from Pittsburgh, Pa.
